The Vishakhapatnam-headquartered company, with a market capitalisation of ₹2,415 crores, has undergone a dramatic transformation from its commodity chemicals roots into medical diagnostic equipment trading through its wholly-owned subsidiary. The third quarter marked a continuation of the company's remarkable growth trajectory, with net sales reaching ₹101.10 crores—a staggering 760.43% increase from the ₹11.75 crores reported in Q3 FY25. Sequential growth remained robust at 17.14% quarter-on-quarter, demonstrating sustained momentum in the business expansion.
Despite the stellar financial performance, investor sentiment remains cautious. The stock has declined 68.90% from its 52-week high of ₹124.20, currently trading at ₹38.63 as of January 30, 2026. Technical indicators paint a uniformly bearish picture, with the stock positioned below all key moving averages and exhibiting a high-beta characteristic with 1.35 volatility relative to the market. The company's proprietary Mojo Score stands at 47 out of 100, resulting in a "SELL" rating that reflects concerns about valuation sustainability and recent technical weakness.
| Quarter | Revenue (₹ Cr) | QoQ Growth | Net Profit (₹ Cr) | QoQ Growth | PAT Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec'25 | 101.10 | +17.14% | 19.23 | +38.35% | 19.02% |
| Sep'25 | 86.31 | +268.22% | 13.90 | +177.45% | 16.10% |
| Jun'25 | 23.44 | -52.33% | 5.01 | +282.44% | 21.37% |
| Mar'25 | 49.17 | +318.47% | 1.31 | -551.72% | 2.66% |
| Dec'24 | 11.75 | -70.37% | -0.29 | -200.00% | -2.47% |
| Sep'24 | 39.66 | +291.90% | 0.29 | -341.67% | 0.73% |
| Jun'24 | 10.12 | — | -0.12 | — | -1.19% |
Financial Performance: Exceptional Profitability Expansion
Fischer Medical's Q3 FY26 results represent a watershed moment in the company's financial evolution. Net sales of ₹101.10 crores marked the highest quarterly revenue in the company's history, with the year-on-year growth of 760.43% reflecting the successful pivot into medical equipment trading. The sequential revenue growth of 17.14% from Q2 FY26's ₹86.31 crores demonstrates that the expansion is not merely a one-time event but a sustained trend gaining traction.
The profitability metrics tell an equally compelling story. Operating profit before depreciation, interest, and tax (excluding other income) reached ₹21.57 crores in Q3 FY26, translating to an operating margin of 21.34%—the highest on record and a dramatic improvement from the 4.26% margin in Q3 FY25. This 17.08 percentage point expansion in operating margin reflects not just revenue scale but genuine operational efficiency gains. The gross profit margin for the quarter stood at 21.78%, whilst the net profit margin expanded to 19.02%, up from negative territory a year ago.
On a nine-month basis for FY26, the company has already surpassed its entire FY25 performance. The first nine months of FY26 (April-December 2025) delivered cumulative revenue of ₹210.85 crores compared to ₹110.00 crores for the full year FY25. Net profit for the nine-month period reached ₹38.14 crores, substantially exceeding the ₹1.00 crore reported for FY25. This acceleration demonstrates the business transformation's material impact on financial outcomes.
Cost management has been exemplary during this growth phase. Employee costs in Q3 FY26 stood at ₹4.17 crores, representing just 4.12% of net sales—a remarkably efficient ratio for a rapidly scaling business. Interest costs remained modest at ₹0.64 crores, whilst depreciation charges of ₹0.77 crores reflect a capital-light business model. The tax rate for the quarter normalised to 9.20%, down from the anomalous 350.00% rate in Q3 FY25 when the company was loss-making.
Capital Efficiency: Weak Returns Despite Profit Surge
Whilst the headline profit numbers are impressive, the underlying return metrics reveal concerning inefficiencies in capital deployment. The company's average return on equity (ROE) stands at a meagre 1.39%, placing it amongst the weakest performers in its peer group. The latest ROE of 0.41% is even more troubling, suggesting that despite generating ₹19.23 crores in quarterly profit, the company is producing negligible returns relative to its shareholder equity base of ₹337.52 crores as of March 2025.
Return on capital employed (ROCE) paints a similarly weak picture at 1.92% on average, with the latest reading at just 0.49%. This metric is particularly important for assessing management's ability to generate returns on all capital invested in the business, regardless of financing structure. For context, a healthy manufacturing or trading business should typically generate ROCE in excess of 15-20% to justify continued capital allocation.
Critical Capital Efficiency Concern
Weak Return Profile: Despite spectacular profit growth, Fischer Medical's ROE of 1.39% and ROCE of 1.92% rank amongst the poorest in the commodity chemicals sector. The company is generating less than 2% returns on deployed capital—well below the cost of capital and peer benchmarks. This suggests either: (1) excessive capital tied up in working capital or non-productive assets, (2) recent capital raises diluting return metrics, or (3) unsustainable profit margins that may compress as competition intensifies. Investors must monitor whether return metrics improve as the business matures, or if this represents a structural efficiency issue.
The balance sheet provides some context for these weak return metrics. As of March 2025, the company held shareholder funds of ₹337.52 crores, comprising share capital of ₹63.80 crores and reserves of ₹243.50 crores. The dramatic increase in reserves from ₹26.74 crores in FY24 reflects the substantial capital raise undertaken during the year. Current assets stood at ₹365.29 crores, suggesting significant working capital deployment, whilst fixed assets totalled just ₹19.70 crores—confirming the capital-light nature of the trading business model.
On a positive note, Fischer Medical operates with minimal debt. Long-term debt stands at zero, and the company maintains a net cash position with a net debt-to-equity ratio of -0.04. This conservative capital structure provides financial flexibility and reduces execution risk, though it also means the company isn't leveraging its balance sheet to enhance returns. The debt-to-EBITDA ratio of 9.13 appears elevated but is largely a function of the minimal EBITDA base in earlier periods rather than excessive leverage.
Business Transformation: From Chemicals to MedTech Trading
Fischer Medical Ventures has undertaken a fundamental business pivot that explains both the dramatic revenue growth and the market's scepticism about sustainability. The company, originally focused on commodity chemicals, has repositioned itself as a trader of MRI systems and medical diagnostic equipment. Headquartered in the Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone (AMTZ) in Vishakhapatnam, the company operates through its wholly-owned subsidiary to develop and distribute affordable medical imaging technologies across multiple international markets.
This transformation is reflected in the revenue trajectory. From virtually zero sales in FY23, the company generated ₹20.00 crores in FY24 and ₹110.00 crores in FY25—a 450% year-on-year growth rate. The first nine months of FY26 have already delivered ₹210.85 crores, suggesting full-year FY26 revenue could exceed ₹280 crores if current momentum continues. This represents a five-year sales compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 427.60%, though this figure is somewhat misleading given the company essentially started from scratch in FY24.
The medical equipment trading business model offers both opportunities and risks. On the positive side, India's healthcare infrastructure expansion and the government's focus on affordable diagnostics create a substantial addressable market. The capital-light nature of trading means the company can scale without heavy fixed asset investments. Operating margins of 21.34% in Q3 FY26 compare favourably to traditional commodity chemicals businesses, which typically operate on single-digit margins.
Business Model Analysis: Trading vs Manufacturing
Fischer Medical's shift to medical equipment trading offers higher margins (21.34% operating margin) than commodity chemicals but introduces different risk factors. Trading businesses typically face: (1) lumpy revenue patterns depending on large order timing, (2) working capital intensity from inventory and receivables, (3) limited competitive moats versus manufacturing IP, and (4) vulnerability to supplier relationships and import dependencies. The company's international footprint provides geographic diversification, but the sustainability of 19% net margins in a competitive trading environment remains questionable as the business matures.
However, the trading model also introduces risks. Revenue can be lumpy depending on large order flows, as evidenced by the 52.33% sequential decline in Q1 FY26 followed by 268.22% growth in Q2. Working capital requirements are substantial—current assets of ₹365.29 crores represent over 100% of shareholder equity, suggesting significant capital tied up in inventory and receivables. The company's quality grade of "Average" reflects these concerns, with analysts noting the weak EBIT-to-interest coverage of just 1.69 times on average.
| Metric | Q3 FY26 | Q2 FY26 | Q1 FY26 | Q4 FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales (₹ Cr) | 101.10 | 86.31 | 23.44 | 49.17 |
| Operating Profit (₹ Cr) | 21.57 | 16.26 | 4.26 | 2.50 |
| Operating Margin (%) | 21.34% | 18.84% | 18.17% | 5.08% |
| Net Profit (₹ Cr) | 19.23 | 13.90 | 5.01 | 1.31 |
| PAT Margin (%) | 19.02% | 16.10% | 21.37% | 2.66% |
Valuation Analysis: Extreme Multiples Defy Fundamentals
Fischer Medical's valuation metrics present the most significant concern for potential investors. The stock trades at a trailing twelve-month price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 1,704 times—an astronomical multiple that defies rational valuation frameworks. To contextualise this figure, the commodity chemicals industry average P/E stands at 39 times, making Fischer Medical's valuation more than 43 times the sector norm. Even accounting for the company's exceptional growth trajectory, a P/E of 1,704 times implies investors are paying ₹1,704 for every ₹1 of annual earnings—a proposition that offers virtually no margin of safety.
The price-to-book value (P/BV) ratio of 6.96 times is similarly elevated. With a book value per share of ₹4.82, the current market price of ₹38.63 represents a 702% premium to net asset value. Whilst growth companies often command P/BV premiums, a multiple approaching 7 times suggests the market is pricing in not just current growth but decades of sustained outperformance—a high bar to clear for any business, let alone one in the competitive medical equipment trading space.
Enterprise value multiples paint an even more concerning picture. The EV-to-EBITDA ratio stands at 750.79 times, whilst EV-to-EBIT reaches 1,474.92 times. These metrics, which account for the company's debt and cash position, suggest the entire enterprise is valued at more than 750 years of current EBITDA generation. The EV-to-sales multiple of 22.52 times indicates investors are paying ₹22.52 for every ₹1 of revenue—a level typically reserved for high-margin software or pharmaceutical companies with patent protection, not trading businesses.
The valuation grade assigned by analysts is "Very Expensive," a designation the stock has held since June 2024. This classification reflects the disconnect between current market pricing and fundamental value. Even assuming Fischer Medical maintains its Q3 FY26 annualised earnings run rate of approximately ₹77 crores (₹19.23 crores × 4), the current market capitalisation of ₹2,415 crores implies a forward P/E of approximately 31 times—still expensive but far more reasonable than the trailing multiple suggests.
The absence of dividend yield further reduces the investment case's attractiveness for value-oriented investors. With no dividend payout and a payout ratio of 0%, shareholders are entirely dependent on capital appreciation for returns. This places additional pressure on the company to sustain its growth trajectory, as there is no income component to cushion potential multiple compression.
| Company | P/E (TTM) | P/BV | ROE (%) | Debt/Equity | Div Yield |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fischer Medical | 1,704.23 | 6.96 | 1.39% | -0.04 | NA |
| Tanfac Industries | 55.05 | 12.13 | 29.08% | 0.01 | 0.22% |
| Blue Pearl Agri | 6,293.64 | 59.83 | 0.79% | -0.01 | NA |
| Gujarat Alkalies | 22,366.44 | 0.60 | 3.21% | 0.04 | 3.46% |
| Grauer & Weil | 21.37 | 3.24 | 16.69% | -0.46 | 0.70% |
| TruAlt Bioenergy | 23.18 | 2.34 | 0.00% | 0.00 | NA |
Shareholding Pattern: Stable Promoter Base, Limited Institutional Interest
Fischer Medical's shareholding structure reveals a stable promoter base but notably limited institutional participation—a potential red flag given the company's size and growth profile. Promoter holding has remained constant at 61.80% across the past five quarters, demonstrating strong insider conviction. The two key promoter entities are FMV Holdings Pte Ltd. (51.16%) and Shankar Varadharajan (10.64%), with no pledging of shares—a positive indicator of financial stability at the promoter level.
Foreign institutional investor (FII) holdings have shown modest fluctuation, declining from 5.61% in September 2025 to 4.85% in December 2025—a sequential reduction of 0.76 percentage points. This reduction, whilst not dramatic, suggests some foreign investors may be taking profits following the strong rally earlier in 2025. The presence of seven FII investors indicates reasonable foreign interest, though the absolute holding level of under 5% is relatively low for a company with a ₹2,415 crore market capitalisation.
| Category | Dec'25 | Sep'25 | Jul'25 | Jun'25 | QoQ Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Promoter | 61.80% | 61.80% | 61.80% | 61.80% | — |
| FII | 4.85% | 5.61% | 5.55% | 5.55% | -0.76% |
| Mutual Funds | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — |
| Insurance | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | — |
| Other DII | 1.36% | 1.42% | 1.42% | 1.42% | -0.06% |
| Non-Institutional | 31.99% | 31.18% | 31.23% | 31.23% | +0.81% |
The complete absence of mutual fund and insurance company holdings is particularly noteworthy. Zero mutual fund participation in a ₹2,415 crore market cap company suggests institutional asset managers have either not discovered the stock or have consciously avoided it due to concerns about liquidity, corporate governance, business sustainability, or valuation. Insurance companies, which typically favour stable, dividend-paying stocks, similarly show no interest—understandable given Fischer Medical's zero dividend payout and recent business transformation.
Other domestic institutional investor (DII) holdings stand at 1.36%, down marginally from 1.42% in the previous quarter. Combined institutional holdings (FII + MF + Insurance + Other DII) total just 6.22%—an exceptionally low figure that raises questions about institutional conviction in the company's long-term prospects. For comparison, well-regarded mid-cap and small-cap companies typically see institutional ownership in the 20-40% range.
Non-institutional holdings increased to 31.99% in December 2025 from 31.18% in September 2025, suggesting retail investor interest remains robust. This 0.81 percentage point increase indicates that retail participants are willing to accumulate shares even as some FII investors reduce exposure. However, high retail ownership combined with low institutional participation can contribute to higher volatility and reduced price discovery efficiency.
Stock Performance: Severe Correction From Peak Despite Fundamental Strength
Fischer Medical's stock price performance presents a stark contrast between long-term wealth creation and recent destruction. Over a ten-year horizon, the stock has delivered a staggering 16,842.98% return, vastly outperforming the Sensex's 230.79% gain over the same period. This translates to an alpha of 16,612.19 percentage points—a testament to the company's transformation from a struggling commodity chemicals player to a rapidly growing medical equipment trader. Similarly, the five-year return of 1,160.36% demonstrates sustained outperformance, with an alpha of 1,082.62 percentage points versus the Sensex.
However, the recent performance narrative has turned decidedly negative. From its 52-week high of ₹124.20 reached in mid-2025, the stock has plummeted 68.90% to the current level of ₹38.63. The one-year return stands at -44.30%, underperforming the Sensex's +7.18% gain by 51.48 percentage points. This dramatic reversal has erased substantial shareholder wealth and raised questions about whether the earlier rally was driven by unsustainable speculation or whether the current correction represents an attractive entry point.
| Period | Stock Return | Sensex Return | Alpha |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Week | +8.94% | +0.90% | +8.04% |
| 1 Month | -6.98% | -2.84% | -4.14% |
| 3 Months | -67.11% | -2.53% | -64.58% |
| 6 Months | -60.17% | +0.97% | -61.14% |
| YTD | -7.80% | -3.46% | -4.34% |
| 1 Year | -44.30% | +7.18% | -51.48% |
| 3 Years | +221.51% | +38.27% | +183.24% |
| 5 Years | +1,160.36% | +77.74% | +1,082.62% |
| 10 Years | +16,842.98% | +230.79% | +16,612.19% |
The technical picture is uniformly bearish. The stock entered a "Bearish" trend on January 1, 2026, at ₹41.37, having previously been in a "Mildly Bearish" phase. Current price action shows the stock trading below all key moving averages: the 5-day MA (₹35.66), 20-day MA (₹38.59), 50-day MA (₹42.32), 100-day MA (₹72.35), and 200-day MA (₹80.55). This alignment of moving averages in descending order is a classic technical setup indicating sustained downward pressure and lack of buying support at higher levels.
Technical indicators provide little encouragement for near-term bulls. The MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) shows "Bearish" signals on both weekly and monthly timeframes. Bollinger Bands indicate "Mildly Bearish" on weekly and "Bearish" on monthly charts, suggesting the stock is trading in the lower portion of its volatility bands. The KST (Know Sure Thing) momentum indicator is "Bearish" weekly and "Mildly Bearish" monthly. Only the RSI (Relative Strength Index) provides a contrarian "Bullish" signal on the monthly chart, potentially indicating oversold conditions that could lead to a technical bounce.
The stock's beta of 1.35 classifies it as a "High Beta" security, meaning it exhibits 35% more volatility than the broader market. This high volatility characteristic is evident in the 56.25% annualised volatility figure—five times higher than the Sensex's 11.21% volatility. The risk-adjusted return over the past year stands at -0.79, indicating negative returns per unit of risk taken. This "HIGH RISK LOW RETURN" classification makes the stock unsuitable for risk-averse investors and suggests the recent rally was driven more by momentum than fundamental value.
"Fischer Medical's 6,631% profit growth is impressive, but a P/E of 1,704 times and ROE of 1.4% suggest the market has priced in perfection for a business model yet to prove sustainability."
Investment Thesis: Outstanding Financials Meet Extreme Valuation
The investment case for Fischer Medical Ventures presents a classic conflict between exceptional near-term financial performance and concerning long-term sustainability indicators. The company's Mojo Score of 47 out of 100 reflects this tension, with the score having recently declined from "HOLD" territory (62 in October 2025) to "SELL" territory (current 47). The proprietary scoring system considers four key dimensions: valuation, quality, financial trend, and technical indicators.
The financial trend component receives an "Outstanding" grade, the highest possible rating. This assessment is well-deserved given Q3 FY26's record-breaking performance across virtually every metric—highest revenue (₹101.10 crores), highest operating profit (₹21.57 crores), highest operating margin (21.34%), and highest net profit (₹19.23 crores). The consistency of improvement across the past four quarters, with sequential profit growth in each period, demonstrates genuine business momentum rather than one-time gains.
However, the valuation component earns a "Very Expensive" designation, severely limiting the overall score. With a P/E ratio of 1,704 times, the stock trades at more than 43 times the commodity chemicals industry average. Even the most generous growth assumptions struggle to justify such a multiple. For the valuation to be reasonable at current levels, Fischer Medical would need to sustain its Q3 FY26 profit run rate for multiple years whilst simultaneously expanding margins—a tall order in the competitive medical equipment trading space.
The quality assessment of "Average" reflects mixed signals. Positive factors include zero debt, no promoter pledging, and exceptional sales growth of 427.60% over five years. However, these strengths are offset by weak return metrics (ROE of 1.39%, ROCE of 1.92%), low institutional holdings (6.22%), and minimal dividend payout. The average EBIT-to-interest coverage of just 1.69 times suggests limited financial cushion, though this metric is less relevant given the company's net cash position.
The technical trend component is firmly "Bearish," with the stock in a confirmed downtrend since early January 2026. The alignment of all moving averages in descending order, combined with bearish signals from MACD, Bollinger Bands, and KST indicators, suggests continued near-term pressure. The 68.90% decline from the 52-week high indicates significant technical damage that will require substantial time and positive catalysts to repair.
✅ KEY STRENGTHS
- Exceptional Revenue Growth: 760.43% YoY growth in Q3 FY26, with nine-month FY26 revenue already surpassing full-year FY25 performance
- Margin Expansion: Operating margin of 21.34% and PAT margin of 19.02% represent best-in-class profitability for the sector
- Debt-Free Balance Sheet: Zero long-term debt and net cash position provide financial flexibility and reduce execution risk
- Stable Promoter Base: Consistent 61.80% promoter holding with zero pledging demonstrates insider confidence
- Capital-Light Model: Trading business requires minimal fixed asset investment, enabling rapid scaling without heavy capex
- Sequential Momentum: Four consecutive quarters of profit growth indicate sustained business traction
- Market Opportunity: India's healthcare infrastructure expansion and affordable diagnostics focus create substantial addressable market
⚠️ KEY CONCERNS
- Extreme Valuation: P/E of 1,704x and EV/EBITDA of 750x defy rational valuation frameworks and leave no margin of safety
- Weak Return Metrics: ROE of 1.39% and ROCE of 1.92% indicate poor capital efficiency despite headline profit growth
- Limited Institutional Interest: Zero mutual fund and insurance holdings, with total institutional ownership at just 6.22%
- Bearish Technical Trend: 68.90% decline from 52-week high with stock below all key moving averages
- Business Model Risks: Trading model vulnerable to lumpy revenues, working capital intensity, and limited competitive moats
- High Volatility: Beta of 1.35 and 56.25% annualised volatility make the stock unsuitable for risk-averse investors
- Sustainability Questions: Unclear whether 19% net margins can be sustained as competition intensifies in medical equipment trading
Outlook: What to Watch in Coming Quarters
The trajectory of Fischer Medical's stock price over the next 6-12 months will likely depend on three critical factors: (1) whether the company can sustain its current profit margins as the business scales, (2) whether institutional investors begin to participate meaningfully in the stock, and (3) whether the technical downtrend can be arrested through a sustained period of positive price action. Each of these factors carries significant uncertainty.
On the positive side, the company's financial trend is undeniably strong. If Fischer Medical can deliver Q4 FY26 results that maintain or improve upon the Q3 performance, full-year FY26 net profit could reach ₹50-55 crores—a figure that would begin to make the current valuation appear less extreme. The nine-month results already show ₹38.14 crores in profit, so a strong Q4 could provide meaningful validation of the business model's sustainability. Additionally, any announcements regarding new product lines, geographic expansion, or strategic partnerships could serve as positive catalysts.
POSITIVE CATALYSTS
✓
Q4 FY26 results maintaining 15%+ PAT margins
✓
Institutional investor participation (mutual funds, insurance)
✓
ROE/ROCE improvement above 10% levels
✓
New product line or geographic expansion announcements
✓
Technical breakout above ₹42-45 resistance zone
RED FLAGS TO MONITOR
✗
Sequential revenue/profit decline in Q4 FY26
✗
Margin compression below 15% PAT margin levels
✗
Further FII selling or promoter stake reduction
✗
Working capital deterioration or cash flow concerns
✗
Technical breakdown below ₹33 support (52-week low)
However, significant risks remain. The most immediate concern is whether the Q3 FY26 performance represents a sustainable run rate or a temporary spike driven by large one-time orders. Trading businesses are inherently lumpy, and a sequential decline in Q4 FY26 revenue or margins could trigger another wave of selling. The complete absence of mutual fund and insurance holdings suggests sophisticated institutional investors remain sceptical about either the business model, corporate governance, or valuation—a concern that won't be easily addressed.
From a technical perspective, the stock needs to reclaim the ₹42-45 zone (50-day and 20-day moving averages) to signal any meaningful trend reversal. Until that occurs, the path of least resistance remains downward. The 52-week low of ₹33.10 represents immediate support, but a breakdown below that level could trigger further technical selling and potentially push the stock toward the ₹25-30 range—levels that would represent a 75-80% decline from the 52-week high.
Investment Verdict: Exceptional Growth Cannot Justify Extreme Valuation
Mojo Score: 47/100
For Fresh Investors: Avoid initiating positions at current levels. Whilst the operational performance is undeniably impressive, the P/E ratio of 1,704 times and weak return metrics (ROE 1.39%, ROCE 1.92%) create an unfavourable risk-reward profile. The bearish technical trend and 68.90% decline from peak suggest further downside risk. Consider watching from the sidelines until valuation becomes more reasonable or institutional investors demonstrate confidence through meaningful stake building.
For Existing Holders: Consider reducing exposure on any technical bounce toward the ₹42-45 resistance zone. Whilst the company's business transformation is progressing well, the extreme valuation leaves minimal margin for error. The absence of institutional investor interest and weak capital efficiency metrics suggest the market has priced in perfection. Those wishing to maintain exposure should set strict stop-losses below ₹33 (52-week low) to protect against further technical deterioration.
Fair Value Estimate: ₹25-30 per share based on normalised 25-30x P/E on sustainable ₹50-55 crore annual earnings (35-48% downside from current levels). Current price of ₹38.63 offers no margin of safety.
Note- ROCE = (EBIT - Other income)/(Capital Employed - Cash - Current Investments)
⚠️ Investment Disclaimer
This article is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice. Investors should conduct their own due diligence, consider their risk tolerance and investment objectives, and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Stock market investments carry inherent risks, including the potential loss of principal. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of any affiliated organisations.
